Diagnosis of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

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Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (commonly called antiphospholipid syndrome or APS) is an autoimmune disease present mostly in young women. Those with APS make abnormal proteins called antiphospholipid autoantibodies in the blood. This causes blood to flow improperly and can lead to dangerous clotting in arteries and veins, problems for a developing foetus and pregnancy miscarriage. People with this disorder may otherwise be healthy, or they also may suffer from an underlying disease, most frequently systemic lupus erythematosus (commonly called lupus or SLE).APS affects women five times more commonly than men. It is typically diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 40. While up to 40% of patients with SLE will test positive for the anti-phospholipid autoantibodies, only half will develop thrombosis and/or experience miscarriages. Like most autoimmune disorders, APS has a genetic component, although there is not a direct transmission from parent to offspring. The diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome is made by testing the blood of patients with blood clots and/or recurrent miscarriages for the presence of anti-phospholipid autoantibodies (aPL). Screening is done using three kinds of tests. Tests may vary because of the differences in the aPL from patient to patient. Each single test cannot detect all of the possible autoantibodies, so their combined use is strongly advised. At least one of these tests must prove positive, and be confirmed on two occasions no less than three months apart. In general, the higher the level of the test and the greater number of positive tests increases the risk of developing symptoms. Having positive blood tests alone in the absence of a clot does not make a diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. There are healthy people who carry these clotting proteins in their blood who never have a clot in their lifetimes. Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine announces papers for the upcoming issue. Interested can submit their manuscript through online portal at https://www.scholarscentral.org/submissions/clinical-chemistry-laboratory-medicine.html or send as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at jcclm@longdomjournal.org Media contact: Eliza Grace Managing Editor Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine