Effects of irrigation water quality and plant spacing on a cowpea-maize cropping system
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The use of saline water, drainage water, and treated waste water in irrigation depends on long-term strategies that guarantee socio - economic and environmental sustainability of agricultural systems (Qadir and Oster 2004; Sharma and Minhas 2005; Lacerda et al., 2009; Leal et al., 2009; Murtaza et al., 2009). These management strategies for the salinity problem can be divided into two groups, non-specific and specific. Some of the non-specific strategies that have been used in saline conditions include the addition of organic matter, the application of liquid bio-fertilizers, the use of chemical fertilizers and amendments, mycorrhization, fol- 164 Int. Res. J. Agric. Sci. Soil Sci. iar applications of organic and inorganic substances, crop rotation, and increasing planting density On the other hand, specific strategies are those directly related to the salinity problem and that normally do not apply to crops in non-saline conditions. Commonly cited strategies specific to saline conditions include the use of tolerant and moderately tolerant glycophytes, the cultivation of halophytes, mixtures of waters with different salinities, the cyclic use of saline and fresh water, the use of saline water in phases when the crop has greater tolerance, bio-drainage, and the establishment of specific conditions for germination Isla and Aragués